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The first thing to bear in mind is that USB 3.1 Gen 1 is the same thing as USB 3.0. You need USB 3.1 Gen 2 for the 600MB/s transfer rate.
It won't make any difference for the hard drive, the limiting factor there is the drive and not the connection. High end flash drives should be able to exceed the transfer speed of 3.0/Gen1, although they'll need to support it too.
I've no idea about the phone, I had a quick look but couldn't see which version of 3.1 it supported or any transfer rate tests over USB.
Whether the connector is Type A or Type C makes no difference to transfer speed or technology support, pick whichever is most convenient for the cables you have.
There isn't much of a common standard for ports on cases, so you're not likely to be able to find an off the shelf replacement unless the manufacturer of the case makes one. You could probably put something together though if you're DIY inclined, you should be able to get wired up USB 3.1 ports by now so it'd be mainly a case of building the mounting |
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