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The history of population growth has been pretty constant across the world:
Phase 1 : In pre-industrial societies (eg Europe to the end of the 18th Century), people have children more or less indiscriminately, but food supplies and disease unfortunately ensure that few survive beyond childhood, leaving a low (by todays standards) but stable population;Phase 2 : In newly-industrial societies (eg Europe to the mid 20th Century), the conception/birth rate does not change much, but improved living conditions (across the board) ensure that far fewer die in childhood -> population boom;Phase 3 : In so-called post-industrial societies (not a good term, in my opinion), increased affluence and the availability of attractive lifestyles mean that children are seen as a liability rather than an asset. A variety of techniques (abstinence, birth control, abortion, etc) ensure that fewer children are born. Those which are have an enormously enhanced life expectancy.The net result will be a stable population when the whole world reaches Phase 3, which it probably will. If you want to predict that at about 10 billion by mid-century, I wouldnt argue.
A much more potent population issue is going to be the one touched on above: life expectancy coupled with low birth rate. This is already having profound effects on society, and may in itself become a Malthusian time bomb. |
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